منابع مشابه
Aerodynamical Effects in Snow Crystal Growth
We review several aspects of aerodynamics that affect the growth, morphology, and symmetry of snow crystals. We derive quantitative estimates for aerodynamical forces that orient falling snow crystals, estimate how air flow around snow crystals affects their growth rates (the ventilation effect), and examine how the combination of orientation and growth modification can stabilize or destabilize...
متن کاملSnow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: III. Glacier ice, snow and biota
Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe metamorphosed snow, glacial firn, and glacial ice obtained from South Cascade Glacier in Washington State, USA. Biotic samples consisting of algae (Chlamydomonas nivalis) and ice worms (a species of oligochaetes) were also collected and imaged. In the field, the snow and biological samples were mounted on copper plates, cool...
متن کاملToward a Comprehensive Model of Snow Crystal Growth: 3. The Correspondence Between Ice Growth from Water Vapor and Ice Growth from Liquid Water
We examine ice crystal growth from water vapor at temperatures near the melting point, when surface premelting creates a quasiliquid layer at the solid/vapor interface. Recent ice growth measurements as a function of vapor supersaturation have demonstrated a substantial nucleation barrier on the basal surface at these temperatures, from which a molecular step energy can be extracted using class...
متن کاملNumerical computations of faceted pattern formation in snow crystal growth.
Faceted growth of snow crystals leads to a rich diversity of forms with remarkable sixfold symmetry. Snow crystal structures result from diffusion-limited crystal growth in the presence of anisotropic surface energy and anisotropic attachment kinetics. It is by now well understood that the morphological stability of ice crystals strongly depends on supersaturation, crystal size, and temperature...
متن کاملPrecision Measurements of Ice Crystal Growth Rates
I describe techniques for making precise measurements of the growth rates of the principal facets of ice crystals. Particular attention is paid to identifying and reducing systematic errors in the measurements, as these have plagued earlier attempts to determine ice growth rates. I describe the details of an experimental apparatus we are currently using, and I describe some preliminary results ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physics Today
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0031-9228,1945-0699
DOI: 10.1063/pt.3.3844